full length spike s protein  (Sino Biological)

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Early Fc-effector antibody signatures impact COVID-19 disease trajectory

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.18.26346542

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box-and-whisker plots showing (A) the binding antibodies titers against SARS-CoV-2 S1, RBD and S2 spike antigens (B) the ratios between S1/S2 and RBD/S2 binding titers and (C) the Fc-receptor antibody-mediated ADCC and ADCP activities against SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Box indicates interquartile range (IQR, Q1-Q3), with horizontal lines showing the median and vertical lines indicating minimum and maximum. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare differences between mild vs. severe patients at each time point. Statistical significance was considered when p ≤ 0.05. D) Heatmap of Spearman correlation matrices between SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers (ADCC, ADCP, nAb and IgG binding titers against S, S1, S2 and RBD) at days 0, 3, 7 and 46 post-recruitment. Statistically significant correlations in the underlined intersections are indicated with asterisk (∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001). E) Spearman correlations between binding IgG antibodies against S1, RBD or S2 domains and functional ADCC (blue) or ADCP (purple) antibodies at each timepoint. Each dot represents a sample. Shown are the Spearman r coefficient, 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value (∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, ns, not significant). Data is also shown in Supplementary Table 2.

Article Snippet: All recombinant proteins used in this study were purchased from Sino Biological: SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike (S) protein (Cat. #40589-V08H4), seasonal HCoV-OC43 full-length S (Cat. #40607-V08B), seasonal HCoV-229E full-length S (Cat. #40605-V08B), SARS-CoV-2 S1 domain (Cat. #40591-V08H), SARS-CoV-2 S2 domain (Cat. #40590-V08H1), SARS-CoV-2 RBD subdomain (Cat. #40592-V08H80), HCoV-OC43 S1 domain (Cat. #40607-V08H1) and HCoV-OC43 S2 domain (Cat. #40607-V08B1).

Techniques: Whisker Assay, Binding Assay, MANN-WHITNEY, Functional Assay

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Early Fc-effector antibody signatures impact COVID-19 disease trajectory

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.18.26346542

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Heatmap of FcγR-binding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 S antigens in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Binding activity of antibodies to FcγRs was measured for SARS-CoV-2 full-length S, S1 and S2 antigens at days 0, 3, 7, and 46 post-recruitment. Box-and-whisker diagrams showing (B) FcγR2AH and FcγR2AR-binding antibody responses (C) FcγR3AV and FcγR3AF-binding titers, (D) functional monocyte antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) responses and (E) functional antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) responses against SARS-CoV-2 full-length S, S1 and S2 antigens in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Box indicates interquartile range (IQR, Q1-Q3), with horizontal line showing the median and vertical lines indicating minimum and maximum. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare differences between mild vs. severe patients at each time point. Statistical significance was considered when p ≤ 0.05. F) PCA of antibody responses according to day of recruitment (day 0: blue; day 3: red; day 7: green and day 46: purple). Empty circles represent mild cases, and filled circles represent severe cases. Ellipses show 95% confidence regions. G) Spider plot of the antibody landscape (IgG antibody titers, FcγR-binding activity and FcγR-effector functions) in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Median percentile for each antibody feature is shown at each timepoint and for each SARS-CoV-2 S antigen.

Article Snippet: All recombinant proteins used in this study were purchased from Sino Biological: SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike (S) protein (Cat. #40589-V08H4), seasonal HCoV-OC43 full-length S (Cat. #40607-V08B), seasonal HCoV-229E full-length S (Cat. #40605-V08B), SARS-CoV-2 S1 domain (Cat. #40591-V08H), SARS-CoV-2 S2 domain (Cat. #40590-V08H1), SARS-CoV-2 RBD subdomain (Cat. #40592-V08H80), HCoV-OC43 S1 domain (Cat. #40607-V08H1) and HCoV-OC43 S2 domain (Cat. #40607-V08B1).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Whisker Assay, Functional Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: NPJ Vaccines

Article Title: Lipid Nanoparticle Development for A Fluvid mRNA Vaccine Targeting Seasonal Influenza and SARS-CoV-2

doi: 10.1038/s41541-025-01153-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Total IgG responses against HA (H1N1) and spike (Wuhan strain) were detected from blood samples collected at d14 and d28 on protein microarray. B Spike (variant)- specific IgG antibody response. Statistical analysis of various groups vs Buffer was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple groups correction. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001. N = 5 per group.

Article Snippet: Unmodified, 5-methoxy uridine modified and 5-methyl pseudouridine modified mRNA encoding the native full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein from Wuhan strain (catalog# MRNA34, MRNA35, and MRNA43 respectively), were purchased from OZ Biosciences (San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Microarray, Variant Assay

Journal: NPJ Vaccines

Article Title: Lipid Nanoparticle Development for A Fluvid mRNA Vaccine Targeting Seasonal Influenza and SARS-CoV-2

doi: 10.1038/s41541-025-01153-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mouse splenocytes were stimulated with 10μg/mL ( A ) HA(H1N1) or ( B ) spike (Wuhan strain) for 18 h. Comparison between immunized groups vs PBS control group was performed using a Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple groups correction. The statistical analysis for all 12 cytokines is shown in Table . *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001. All other comparisons were non-significant. N = 5 per group.

Article Snippet: Unmodified, 5-methoxy uridine modified and 5-methyl pseudouridine modified mRNA encoding the native full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein from Wuhan strain (catalog# MRNA34, MRNA35, and MRNA43 respectively), were purchased from OZ Biosciences (San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Comparison, Control